Angioplasty and stenting are minimally invasive procedures used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries, particularly in cases of coronary artery disease (CAD). 

Angioplasty involves the use of a catheter with a balloon at its tip, which is inserted into the affected artery. Once the catheter reaches the blockage, the balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall. This process helps restore blood flow through the vessel. 

Stenting often follows angioplasty. A stent is a small, mesh-like device made of metal or polymer that is inserted into the artery during the procedure. It acts as a scaffold to keep the artery open and prevent it from narrowing again, a condition known as restenosis.

These procedures can significantly alleviate symptoms such as chest pain (angina) and reduce the risk of heart attacks. They are typically performed in a cardiac catheterization lab and have a relatively quick recovery time compared to open-heart surgeries. However, they do carry risks, including bleeding, infection, and in rare cases, complications related to the heart or blood vessels. Post-procedure, patients are often prescribed antiplatelet medications to reduce the risk of clot formation around the stent.